Assessment of Educational Environment of Newly Established Medical College by UG Medical Students: A Mixed Method Study

Introduction: Educational environment always play a crucial role in the development of students as well as faculty of any institution. In India, there is a continuous increase in the number of medical colleges and the number of MBBS seats, but the quality of education with quantity is questionable. To answer this question, the present study was planned to know the educational environment in a new Medical Institution that ejected its alumni in 2018. Aim: To analyze the educational environment of a newly established Medical College in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional which took six months to complete. This study used the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, open-ended questions and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study was conducted on MBBS students in Government Medical College, Azamgarh, UP. Results: The batch-wise Global DREEM scores were 169.08 (alumni), 156.23 (interns), 168.76 (2015), 164.16 (2016), 176.23 (2017), 176.94 (2018). This demonstrates that the educational environment is satisfactory in all domains and comes under the 3rd category of the educational environment index. The FGDs showed a positive response in all batches but with high variability in scores, which indicates lack of standardization in Medical Education. The open-ended questions’ responses revealed many merits and demerits about five domains. Conclusion: The variability of DREEM score, FGDs and open ended questions denotes the lack of standardization in the Medical Education system and the scores of the Education Environment Index (all domains) must move from category III (satisfactory) to category IV (excellence).

Medical Residents, the Group and the Formation of Professional Identity During the COVID-19 Pandemic / Médicos residentes, o grupo e a formação da identidade profissional durante a pandemia do COVID-19

Abstract Residency is still considered the gold standard for quality medical training, and acquiring a professional identity as a specialist is one of its central elements. Residents obtain this identity through both the educational environment and direct interaction with peers and supervisors. However, modifications in health care and educational routines during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have significantly impaired these channels. This study is part of a qualitative research project to analyze professional identity formation in a medical residency program in obstetrics and gynecology at a public hospital in southern Brazil. The authors conducted 28 semi-structured interviews with medical residents and preceptors, as well as a focus group with the residents, which was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in an effort to construct major analytical categories. Restricted movement and physical contact have forced the use of alternative means of interpersonal interaction, such as communication through social media or instant messaging applications. This has also affected educational activities, such as morning rounds, lectures, and seminars. These changes represent a significant impact, especially in Brazil, where physical proximity is an important cultural feature, even in the work and school environments. We speculate that this new type of virtual interaction will also affect the formation of professional identity among obstetrician-gynecologists. These findings suggest that medical residency programs should be attentive to changes in resident training to ensure that the specialist profile and the expected skills, which are consolidated over many years, are not lost.

Resumo A residência médica ainda é considerada o padrão-ouro para a formação médica de qualidade, sendo o processo de construção da identidade profissional de um médico especialista um de seus elementos centrais. Os residentes obtêm essa identidade, entre outros fatores, por meio do ambiente educacional e da interação direta com colegas e supervisores. No entanto, as modificações nas rotinas assistenciais e educacionais durante a recente pandemia de coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) prejudicaram significativamente esses canais. Este estudo faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa qualitativa com o objetivo de analisar a formação da identidade profissional em um programa de residência médica em ginecologia e obstetrícia em um hospital público do sul do Brasil. Os autores realizaram 28 entrevistas semiestruturadas com médicos residentes e preceptores, bem como um grupo focal com residentes. Tanto as entrevistas como as reuniões com o grupo focal foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas no esforço de construir categorias analíticas. Foi identificado que o movimento restrito e o contato físico forçaram o uso de meios alternativos de interação interpessoal, como a comunicação por meio de mídias sociais ou aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas. Isso também afetou as atividades educacionais, como as rounds, palestras e seminários. Essas mudanças representam um impacto significativo, principalmente no Brasil, onde a proximidade física é uma importante característica cultural, mesmo em ambientes de trabalho e de estudo. Conjectura-se que esse novo tipo de interação virtual também afetará a formação da identidade profissional entre os ginecologistas-obstetras. Esses achados sugerem que os programas de residência médica devem estar atentos às mudanças na formação dos residentes para garantir que o perfil do especialista e as competências esperadas, consolidadas ao longo de muitos anos, não sejam perdidos.

Análisis comparativo del ambiente educacional en internos de medicina de hospitales públicos y clínicas del Perú

Objetivos: determinar y comparar la percepción del ambiente educacional de los internos de medicina de hospitales públicos y clínicas privadas del Perú. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio Observacional de corte transversal, mediante el cuestionario PHEEM el cual fue respondido por 101 estudiantes que realizaban su internado en clínicas y hospitales del Perú; el muestreo fue no probabilístico y por conveniencia debido a la facilidad de acceso a dichas sedes. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa SPSS versión 23, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y otro comparativo a través de la prueba de T student tanto en los puntajes globales cómo en cada una de las dimensiones del cuestionario. Resultados: la media global de las puntuaciones del ambiente educacional medico fue de 83,16 (DS 25,4) indicando un ambiente más positivo que negativo. Al comparar las medias entre los internos de los hospitales y los de las clínicas, el ambiente fue mejor percibido por los estudiantes que realizaban su internado en las clínicas privadas tanto en puntaje global, como en todas las dimensiones p valor <0,05 indicando diferencia estadísticamente significativa. La dimensión más preocupante fue la enseñanza donde se observó la mayor diferencia entre estos dos sectores. Conclusiones: existe una percepción negativa en los internos de hospitales comparados a los internos de clínicas. Se deberían realizar estrategias de intervención de mejoría en los internos de hospitales para cada una de las dimensiones del ambiente educacional, en especial en la enseñanza.

Objectives: to determine and compare the perception of the educational environment of medical interns in public hospitals and private clinics in Peru. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study was carried out using the PHEEM questionnaire, which was answered by 101 students who were doing their internship in clinics and hospitals in Peru. The sampling was non-probabilistic and convenient due to the ease of access to these sites. The data were analyzed in the SPSS version 23 program, a descriptive analysis and a comparative one were carried out using the t-student t test both in the overall scores and in each of the dimensions of the questionnaire. Results: the overall mean score of the medical educational environment was 83.16 (SD 25.4), indicating a more positive than negative environment. When comparing the means between interns in hospitals and those in clinics, the environment was better perceived by students doing their internship in private clinics in both the overall score and in all dimensions, p value <0.05 indicating a statistically significant difference. The most concerning dimension was teaching, where the greatest difference between these two sectors was observed. Conclusions: there is a negative perception among interns in hospitals compared to interns in clinics. Intervention strategies to improve the educational environment in interns in hospitals should be implemented in all dimensions, especially in teaching.

Medida socioeducativa, ambiente escolar e alojamento psíquico / Socio-educational measure school environment and psychic lodging / Medida socioeducativa, entorno escolar y alojamento psíquico

Este artigo discorre sobre adolescentes que foram alfabetizados em prazos bastante curtos, quando internados para cumprimento de medida socioeducativa, após terem fracassado recorrentemente no curso regular de escolarização. A investigação buscou compreender os sentidos do êxito tardio em ambiente de privação de liberdade. Participaram do estudo 15 adolescentes de quatro unidades da Fundação CASA, que não possuíam competência de leitura e escrita quando de sua internação. Para tanto, os adolescentes foram entrevistados; alguns produziram desenhos, que foram examinados. O trabalho amparou-se na psicanálise, centralmente em Donald W. Winnicott. Conclui-se que há necessidade de o ambiente educativo se apresentar como espaço continente para as dificuldades e para processos identificatórios, podendo apresentar-se como um "alojamento" em que o "paradoxo limite e espaço" e as ressignificações ganham o sentido de amparo psíquico que, dentre outras coisas, interfere na aprendizagem e pode ou não chegar a ser curativo (Au).

This article discusses adolescents who were taught to read and write within a very short time when interned in compliance with a socio-educational measure, after recurrent failures on regular school courses. The investigation seeks to understand the meanings of late success in an environment of freedom deprivation. 15 adolescents from four Fundação Casa units participated, who were unable to read and write on their internment. To this end, the adolescents were interviewed and some produced drawings, which were examined. The work was supported by psychoanalysis, especially Donald W. Winnicott. It was concluded that there is a need for the educational environment to present itself as a containing space for difficulties and for identificatory processes, able to show itself as "lodging" where the "limit and space paradox" and resignifications gain the meaning of psychic support which, among other things, affects learning and may or may not be ultimately curative (AU).

Este artículo discurre sobre los adolescentes que han sido alfabetizados en plazos bastante cortos cuando fueron internados para el cumplimiento de una medida socioeducativa, después de que hubiesen fracasado recurrentemente en el recorrido normal de la escolarización. La investigación trató de comprender los sentidos del éxito tardío en un entorno de privación de la libertad. Participaron del estudio quince adolescentes de cuatro unidades de la Fundação CASA ("Fundación CASA"), los cuales no poseían competencia de lectura y escritura cuando fueron internados. Para ello, se entrevistaron a los adolescentes; algunos produjeron dibujos, los cuales fueron examinados. El trabajo se amparó en el psicoanálisis, sobre todo en Donald W. Winnicott. Se concluyó que hay la necesidad de que el entorno educativo se presente como un espacio continente para las dificultades y para los procesos identificatorios, apareciendo como un "alojamiento" en que la "paradoja límite y espacio" y las resignificaciones ganan el sentido de auxilio psíquico. Eso, entre otras cosas, interfiere en el aprendizaje y puede o no llegar a ser curativo (AU).

Medical students’ perception of their educational environment during foundation course

Background: Learning environment is how students perceive the climate of an institution. The strength and weakness of learning environment should be identified to help change, adjust and manage training programs with objectives for improving learning quality. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is a validated tool designed to measure educational environment specifically for medical schools and other health profession institutions. This tool has been used in 20 countries, including Nepal. The aim of this study was to determine the perception of medical students of Foundation Course toward their learning environment using this tool.Methods: The study was conducted among the medical students attending Foundation Course in School of Medicine at Patan Academy of Health Sciences in Nepal using the DREEM tool.Results: Total mean of DREEM score was 150.51 and that of subscales for Students' Perception of Learning (SPL), Students' Perception of Teachers (SPT), Students' Academic Self-Perception (SASP), Students' Perception of Atmosphere (SPOA) and Students' Social Self-Perception (SSSP) were 36.96/48, 34.01/44, 23.96/32, 36.03/48 and 19.55/28 respectively. In item scores, students scored more than 3 for 29 items, between 2 and 3 for 20 items and only 1 item received less than 2 score indicating an issue requiring attention on overemphasis of factual learning during the course.Conclusions: Students have a positive perception about their educational environment. Their perception is a valuable resource for institutional curriculum planners to make appropriate changes to enhance student learning. It is important to get feedbacks from students on how they are experiencing their learning environment.

The reception process of a socio-educational detention center for adolescents from the perspective of environmental psychology / A sala de recepção do ambiente socioeducativo de regime fechado na perspectiva da psicologia ambiental

INTRODUCTION: The reception process aims to provide technical, psychosocial and medical care during the arrival of the adolescent in a juvenile detention after sentencing. This service is guided by the National System of Socio-Educational Care and follow a policy integrated with joint actions of accountability, education, health and social assistance, in the context of human development of socio-educational measuresOBJECTIVE: To describe the environmental traces left by adolescents after have completed the reception process in Socio-Educational detention Centers in the State of CearáMETHODS: This is a cross sectional study, with descriptive and qualitative approach. The research was held in the areas where previously the adolescents had completed the reception process. Data were collected by systematic observation using field diary reports and discussions guided by content analysisRESULTS: The environmental traces were associated with the adolescents' previous and current experiences, through the appropriation practices of the spaces of the Socio-educational Center, configured as a place of permanence, movement or passage in constant articulation with social, cultural, economic, political, historical and psychological factorsCONCLUSION: In the State of Ceara, the areas of Detention Centers reserved for socio-educational purposes as a long-term space for psychosocial and medical care, violates the basic rights of comprehensive care for adolescents. This reality points to the vulnerability of adolescents when exposed to unhealthy physical structures, and demonstrates the need for studies that deepen the discussions from the perspective of the person-environment inter-relationship

INTRODUÇÃO: A sala de recepção visa atendimento técnico, psicossocial e médico, durante a chegada do adolescente no ambiente Socioeducativo de regime fechado, após sentença. Esse ambiente, guiado pelo Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo, deve assumir uma política integrada com ações conjuntas de responsabilização, educação, saúde e assistência social, no contexto do desenvolvimento humano das medidas socioeducativasOBJETIVO: Descrever os vestígios ambientais deixados pelos adolescentes, durante pós-ocupação na sala de recepção, dos Centros Socioeducacionais de internação, no Estado do CearáMÉTODO: A investigação deteve-se à sala de recepção durante pós-ocupação, através da abordagem descritivo-qualitativa, com corte transversal. Os dados foram coletados pela observação sistemática com utilização do diário de campo e discussão direcionada pela análise de conteúdoRESULTADOS: Os vestígios ambientais se associaram às experiências anteriores e atuais dos adolescentes, através das práticas de apropriação do espaço, na sala de recepção do Centro Socioeducacional, configurada enquanto um lugar de permanência, movimento ou passagem em constante articulação com os fatores sociais, culturais, econômicos, políticos, históricos e psicológicosCONCLUSÃO: A sala de recepção das medidas socioeducativas, no Estado do Ceará, enquanto um espaço de longa permanência para o atendimento psicossocial e médico, viola os direitos básicos da atenção integral aos adolescentes. Essa realidade, aponta indicativo de vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes ao serem expostos às estruturas físicas insalubres, e tenciona para a necessidade de estudos que aprofundem as discussões na perspectiva da inter-relação pessoa-ambiente

Psicologia social comunitária na escola: grêmio estudantil e pertencimento / Social community psychology in school: students union and belonging / Psicología social comunitaria en la escuela: grêmio estudiantil y pertenencia

O artigo apresenta um relato de experiência que, a partir de uma atividade de extensão desenvolvida em uma escola pública de ensino médio noturno, visa articular três temáticas: psicologia social comunitária, espaço escolar e atuação política. Um grupo de estudantes de graduação em psicologia acompanhou, ao longo de nove meses, o processo de constituição de um grêmio estudantil, passando pela organização da chapa, elaboração do regimento, convocação da assembleia estudantil, processo eleitoral e implementação das propostas da chapa vencedora. Tais acontecimentos foram analisados a partir de referenciais teóricos da psicologia social comunitária e da psicologia social crítica, com enfoque na constituição da identidade de estudante, sua relação de pertencimento ao espaço escolar e os movimentos possíveis do político nesse contexto. Por fim, conclui-se pela potência das experiências vividas na constituição do grêmio devido às possibilidades de novas elaborações em relação aos sentidos do que é ser estudante.

This article is based on the report of an extra-curricular experience in a public-high school. It focuses on tree major themes: community psychology, educational environment and political action. During nine months, a group of psychology students monitored and observed the working process of a students' union, including its creation, the formulation of its rules and standards, the call for a student assembly, the electoral process and the implementation of the winning proposals. These events were analyzed using the theoretical frameworks of community psychology and critical social psychology, with special emphasis on the development of students' identities, their sense of belonging in the school and their engagement in political actions in the school context. The findings suggest that students' experiences in the process lead to valuable insights and reflections on the meaning of being a student.

El artículo presenta un informe de experiencia que tiene como objetivo articular tres temas basados en una actividad de extensión desarrollada en una escuela secundaria en el período nocturno: psicología comunitaria, escuela y acción política. Un grupo de estudiantes de psicología siguió el proceso de organización de una asociación de estudiantes, la redacción de un regimiento, la convocatoria de una asamblea estudiantil, el proceso electoral y la implementación de las propuestas de los ganadores. Estos eventos se analizaron desde marcos teóricos de la psicología comunitaria y la psicología social crítica, centrándose en la constitución de la identidad de los estudiantes, su relación de pertenencia con el espacio escolar y los movimientos de los actos políticos en ese contexto. Se concluyó como valiosas las experiencias vividas por los estudiantes en este proceso porque fue posible realizar nuevas elaboraciones que se refieran a los sentidos de lo que es ser estudiante.

The formation of professional competencies of students who study theory and practice of inclusive education of children with disabilities

The article deals with the organizational- methodological and content aspects of practice-oriented tasks aimed at the formation of professional competencies of future professionals who study the theory and practice of the inclusive education of children with disabilities. Practice-oriented tasks aimed at the formation of knowledge about the essence of the basic concepts used in the process of the professional activity of specialists in an inclusive educational space are presented. In addition, practice-oriented tasks aimed at the formation of the abilities to analyze and summarize educational activities in organizations engaged in educational activities and to support children with disabilities and their families are given.

Teachers' perception about genes and behavior / Percepção docente sobre genes e comportamentos

Knowing about teacher perceptions contributes to the understanding of teachers' attitudes toward the behavior of their students. We evaluated the perceptions of 501 teachers about the genetic and environmental influences on behaviors considered relevant to the educational environment using an original questionnaire from the United Kingdom, adapted to the Portuguese language of Brazil. We found that the teachers attributed genetic and environmental influences evenly regarding personality and learning difficulties; greater genetic influence on intelligence and mental illness; and greater environmental influence on behavioral problems. Most teachers stated that having a student with genetically influenced learning difficulties would affect their method of instructing them.

Conhecer a percepção docente colabora para compreender as atitudes do professor diante do comportamento de seus alunos. A percepção de 501 professores acerca da influência genética e ambiental sobre comportamentos considerados relevantes no ambiente educacional foi avaliada por meio de um questionário original do Reino Unido, adaptado à língua portuguesa do Brasil. Os professores apontaram: equilíbrio de influências genéticas e ambientais sobre a personalidade e as dificuldades de aprendizagem; maior influência genética sobre a inteligência e as doenças mentais; e maior influência ambiental sobre os problemas de comportamento. A maioria dos professores declarou que ter um aluno com dificuldade de aprendizagem geneticamente influenciada afetaria seu método de instruí-lo.

Ambiente educativo en la escuela de medicina de una Universidad pública: diagnóstico basal / Educational environment in the medical school of a public University: Baseline diagnosis

Resumen Introducción: La evaluación del ambiente educativo en medicina proporciona pautas para realizar cambios curriculares enfocados a lograr un mejor desempeño del estudiante y futuro profesional. En el presente estudio participaron de forma voluntaria 490 estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. Objetivo: Medir el ambiente educativo, mediante el cuestionario DREEM (50 preguntas que evalúan cinco dimensiones: percepción del aprendizaje, percepción hacia los docentes, autopercepción académica, percepción del ambiente y autopercepción social), siendo el instrumento más utilizado para medir la calidad de la educación médica en el mundo. Resultados: El principal hallazgo encontrado fue la disminución drástica en la percepción positiva hacia los docentes a medida que se avanzó en la carrera, resaltando que al inicio los estudiantes prefieren no emitir juicios. Con respecto a las dimensiones de percepción de aprendizaje y autopercepción académica se encontraron los valores más bajos en tercer y sexto año de carrera. En cuanto a las actividades extracurriculares, el asistir a culto religioso y tocar un instrumento musical, fueron las que menos variación presentaron, comparando antes y después de ingresar a la escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. Conclusión: Este estudio pretende ser herramienta útil para replantear la estructura y detectar probables debilidades del programa de medicina de pregrado en la UIS, con el objetivo de generar recomendaciones a directivos, que permitan proyectar al estudiante de medicina como un ser integral y propender por el desarrollo armónico de sus dimensiones, en la que el aspecto académico sea considerado con igual importancia como el tiempo dedicado al descanso y a la práctica de actividades extracurriculares, que le garanticen aprender sin afectar su calidad de vida.

Abstract Introduction: The evaluation of the educational environment in medicine provides guidelines for restructuring curricular changes aimed to achieve at achieving a better performance of the student and future professional. In the present study were involved 490 medical students from the Universidad Industrial de Santander. Objective: To measure the educational environment with the DREEM questionnaire (50 questions about five aspects: perception of learning, perception of teachers, academic self-perception, perception of the environment and social self-perception). We decided to use the DREEM because it's being the most common survey to gauge the quality of medical education. We found an important diminution in the positive perception of teachers, throughout with the pass of the years of n the medical school. About academic self-perception and learning perception the lowest values were found at the third and sixth year of medical school. Finally the most common activities that medical students kept doing during the years of medical career were the religious and musical activities.

Development and psychometric testing of an abridged version of Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM)

BACKGROUND@#Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) is a 50-item tool to assess the educational environment of medical institutions as perceived by the students. This cross-sectional study developed and validated an abridged version of the DREEM-50 with an aim to have a less resource-intensive (time, manpower), yet valid and reliable, version of DREEM-50 while also avoiding respondent fatigue.@*METHODS@#A methodology similar to that used in the development of WHO-BREF was adopted to develop the abridged version of DREEM. Medical students (n = 418) from a private teaching hospital in Madurai, India, were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 277) participated in the development of the abridged version. This was performed by domain-wise selection of items that had the highest item-total correlation. Group II (n = 141) participated in the testing of the abridged version for construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the construct validity of DREEM-12.@*RESULTS@#The abridged version had 12 items (DREEM-12) spread over all five domains in DREEM-50. DREEM-12 explained 77.4% of the variance in DREEM-50 scores. Correlation between total scores of DREEM-50 and DREEM-12 was 0.88 (p < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis of DREEM-12 construct was statistically significant (LR test of model vs. saturated p = 0.0006). The internal consistency of DREEM-12 was 0.83. The test-retest reliability of DREEM-12 was 0.595, p < 0.001.@*CONCLUSION@#DREEM-12 is a valid and reliable tool for use in educational research. Future research using DREEM-12 will establish its validity and reliability across different settings.

Análisis del ambiente educacional en escuela de odontología chilena / Assessment of the educational environment in a Chilean dental school

Objetivo Evaluar la precepción del ambiente educativo por parte de los estudiantes de odontología en 2 períodos críticos de su formación: preclínico y clínico, transición desde la sala de clase a ambientes clínicos y comienzo de la atención de pacientes. Método Doscientos setenta y cinco estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad San Sebastián fueron sometidos al cuestionario DREEM en su versión en español el año 2012, en 3.er, 4.° y 5.° año (117 estudiantes en preclínico y 158 en clínica). Se calcularon los resultados individuales y los promedios globales e individuales de cada dominio. El test de Chi cuadrado fue realizado para analizar las diferencias entre los datos nominales. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue utilizado para evaluar la consistencia interna de las subescalas del cuestionario. Valores de p menores a 0,05 fueron considerados significativos. Resultados La puntuación media fue de 120,42 en el área preclínica y de 121,83 a 110,38 en el área clínica. Con respecto al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, los estudiantes tienen una buena percepción del ambiente. Los dominios de percepción de los profesores y autopercepción social obtuvieron los puntajes más bajos. Discusión La percepción de los estudiantes de preclínico es diferente a los del área clínica. Estos últimos sienten que la participación en el aula disminuye, lo que puede deberse al mayor número de horas clínicas versus horas teóricas. La identificación de áreas positivas y negativas permite orientar acciones para mejorar el ambiente educativo para los estudiantes de la facultad.

Objective To evaluate the educational environment in dental school perceived by students at two critical transitional periods in their education: Preclinical and clinical (transition from the classroom to clinical environments and commencement of patient care) Method A total of 275 dental students (third, fourth and fifth year) of the San Sebastian University Dental School were asked to complete the Spanish adaptation of the DREEM Questionnaire in 2012 in (117 were preclinical and 158 were clinical students). The individual results were calculated, as well as both the overall and individual domain scores. The chi-squared test was used to analyse differences in nominal data. Cronbach's alpha was employed to assess the internal consistency of the subscales of the instrument. A P<.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean score was 120.42 in the preclinical area, and 121.83 to 110.38 in the clinical area. As regards the learning and teaching process, students have a good perception of the environment. The domains of perception of Teachers and Social Self-Perception obtain the lowest scores. Discussion The perceptions of the students in the preclinical area differ from those of the clinical area, with the latter feeling that participation in the classroom decreases. This may be due to the fact that the number of practice hours are much greater than theory hours, leading to a considerable reduction in the amount of classroom time at the expense of an increase in clinical hours. The identified positive and negative areas will help to focus actions to improve the educational environment for dentistry students.

Aplicación del instrumento de encuesta PHEEM de Roff et al. en residentes de especialidad médica en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón / Application of the survey instrument PHEEM Roff et al. in medical specialty residents in the Facultad de Medicina of the Universidad Mayor de San Simón.

Objetivos: Aplicar el Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) con residentes de especialidades y subespecialidades de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón, presentar los resultados que serán útiles para evaluaciones periódicas futuras. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, con un universo de 95 residentes voluntarios se tuvo muestra final de 85 residentes, cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron el llenado voluntario del instrumento y el criterio de exclusión fueron rechazo del llenado o llenado incompleto de datos sobre procedencia hospitalaria, especialidad o subespecialidad. Resultados: Se obtuvo un puntaje final de 83.5 que significa” Ambiente educacional más positivo que negativo con espacio para mejorar en todo el Complejo Hospitalario Viedma''. Conclusiones: La mejora académica continua debe generarse a partir de realizar evaluación regular con la aplicación de la encuesta PHEMM, a fin de contribuir a los estándares internacionales que se manejan por las escuelas de formación de recursos humanos profesionalizados en el área de salud. Debe ser también objetivo y prioridad de la Escuela de Graduados y Evaluación Continua, en coordinación con el DEMyP, desarrollar programas de capacitación continua a los docentes instructores sobre planificación, ambiente educacional, innovaciones educativas y Tics, además de desarrollar instrumentos de evaluación continua a los docentes instructores en las residencias de especialidad.

Objectives: To apply the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) with residents of specialties and subspecialties of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Mayor de San Simon. Methods: It's performed a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a universe of 95 resident volunteers, 85 residents was the final sample, whose inclusion criteria were voluntary filling instrument and exclusion criteria were incomplete filling of data identification or specialty hospital. Results: The final score showed 83.5 which means "more positive than negative educational environment with space for improvement in whole the Viedma Hospital. Conclusions: The continuous academic improvement must be generated from continuous assessment performed by applying the PHEMM survey, for contributing to the international standards that are handled by schools professionalized human resource training in the area of health. Must also be objective and priority of Graduate Scholl and Continuing education , in coordination with the DEMyP , develop a continuous training programs for teachers trainers on planning , educational environment , Educational Innovation and ICT : In addition to developing instruments Continuous evaluation of teachers Instructors specialty residences .

Medición del ambiente educacional hospitalario en internos de la Facultad de Medicina, UMSS. Cochabamba, Bolivia. / Measuring Educational Environment in Hospital in last grade students of the Facultad of Medicina, UMSS. Cochabamba, Bolivia

OBJETIVOS: analizar la utilidad del instrumento Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) y aplicar en los internos de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón. MÉTODOS: luego de la validación con el equipo de docentes del Departamento de Educación Médica se realiza un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. De un universo de 112, se tuvo una muestra de 92 internos cuyo criterios de exclusión fueron el rechazo de llenado del instrumento y cuestionarios incompletos en su llenado. RESULTADOS: el puntaje final obtenido de 75,16/160 nos sugiere un Ambiente Educacional con muchos problemas, según puntuación del PHEEM. CONCLUSIONES: se identificaron algunas situaciones especiales generadoras de posibles sesgos, como ser sitio y tiempo cronológico de llenado de las encuestas y otras dificultades que pueden alterar los resultados.

Objectives: to analyze the usefulness of the instrument Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure ( PHEEM ) and to apply in last medical students of Facultad de Medicina of the Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Methods: after validation by the team of teachers of the Department of Medical Education it was performer a quantitative descriptive study of cross sectional. From a universe of 112, a sample of 92 students whose exclusion criterion was the rejection of incomplete filling of the instrument and filling question-naires were reported. Results: the final score obtained 75.16 / 160 suggests an educational environment with many problems, according PHEEM score. Conclusions: some special situations generating potential biases , such as chronological time site and filling surveys which constitute biases that may alter the results were identified.

Students’ Perception of Educational Environment in an Indian Medical School Using DREEM Inventory.

Introduction: Students’ perception of the environment within which they study has been shown to have a significant impact on their behaviour, academic progress and sense of well-being. The study, by way of student perceptions recorded on the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory, reveals the strength & weakness of educational environment at our institute. This understanding can be aided for refining the learning environment. Method: Perceptions of students recorded by DREEM inventory anon-ymously and mean global scores and domain scores were expressed as mean + standard deviation (SD). Result was recorded gender wise and the difference in the result of male and female compared using rank sum test to see if the difference between the perception is significant or not. Result: Students’ Perceptions of Learning: The mean domain score was 31.40/48 (SD 4.63) Students’ Perceptions of Teachers: The grouped mean SPT score was 28.24 /44 (SD 4.63) Students’ academic self-Perceptions: The grouped mean score was 22.05 /32 (SD 4.9) Students’ Perceptions of Atmosphere: The grouped mean score was 31.30/48 (SD 5.5) Students’ Social Self-Perceptions: The grouped mean SSP score was 17.70/28 (SD 3.9). Female students indicated a more pos-itive perception of their environment than did males on almost all aspects. Conclusion: Study using DREEM inventory revealed problematic areas of learning environment in our medical school, which help us in de-ciding priority areas for reform of educational environment.

Students’ Perception of Educational Environment in an Indian Medical School Using DREEM Inventory.

Introduction: Students’ perception of the environment within which they study has been shown to have a significant impact on their behaviour, academic progress and sense of well-being. The study, by way of student perceptions recorded on the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory, reveals the strength & weakness of educational environment at our institute. This understanding can be aided for refining the learning environment. Method: Perceptions of students recorded by DREEM inventory anon-ymously and mean global scores and domain scores were expressed as mean + standard deviation (SD). Result was recorded gender wise and the difference in the result of male and female compared using rank sum test to see if the difference between the perception is significant or not. Result: Students’ Perceptions of Learning: The mean domain score was 31.40/48 (SD 4.63) Students’ Perceptions of Teachers: The grouped mean SPT score was 28.24 /44 (SD 4.63) Students’ academic self-Perceptions: The grouped mean score was 22.05 /32 (SD 4.9) Students’ Perceptions of Atmosphere: The grouped mean score was 31.30/48 (SD 5.5) Students’ Social Self-Perceptions: The grouped mean SSP score was 17.70/28 (SD 3.9). Female students indicated a more pos-itive perception of their environment than did males on almost all aspects. Conclusion: Study using DREEM inventory revealed problematic areas of learning environment in our medical school, which help us in de-ciding priority areas for reform of educational environment.

Health sciences students' perception of the educational environment of KLE University, India as measured with the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) / 보건의료교육평가

This study aimed to evaluate the educational environment of the health sciences programs of KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India, to identify their strengths and weaknesses, and to suggest strategies to improve the educational environment to be on par with global standards. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, filled out by 914 of the 1,004 students (91.0%) who were majoring in medicine, dentistry, nursing, physiotherapy, and public health. The data were analysed according to the DREEM guidelines. Responses were received from 914 students, of whom 34.03% were men and 65.9% were women. The majority (67.1%) of students were 20-24 years of age. The mean overall DREEM score was 120.21+/-22.4 (maximum, 200) and approached the normal distribution (Lilliefors test, P<0.01). The DREEM scores of each group of students were as follows: dental, 125.0; medical, 122.4; public health, 121.0; physiotherapy, 117.0; and nursing, 116.3. Male students had more positive perceptions than female students (P<0.05), and postgraduate students had more positive perceptions than undergraduate students (P<0.05). The overall DREEM score (120.21) indicates that the educational environment was found to be more positive than negative.

Comparison of Health Students' Perceptions and Expectations of Their Educational Environment.

Aims: Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of educational environment can help managers to improve the educational system. The aim of this study was determining the gap between students’ perceptions and expectations of the educational environment at Health School of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study a total of 250 health students were studied. To determine the students’ perceptions and expectations they filled out a questionnaire included 56 pairs of five point likert scaled items with six domains including school atmosphere, teaching and learning, teachers, students’ self perception, educational facilities and equipments and the physical environment. Descriptive statistics and paired ttest were used to evaluate and analyze the data by SPSS ver.19. Results: In all of the domains of educational environment, the students’ expectations ofthe educational environment were significantly higher than their perceptions (p<0.001). The gaps between the students’ perceptions and their expectations in school atmosphere, teaching and learning, teachers, students’ self-perception, educational facilities and equipments and physical environment domains were -1.42, -1.00, -1.03, -.49, -1.53, and - 1.16 respectively. Conclusion: Students’ expectations have not been fulfilled and to achieve the ideal level, proper planning and effective efforts with emphasis on facilities and equipment and school atmosphere domains should be implemented.

Educational Environment in a Multicultural Society to Meet the Challenges of Diversity.

Educators in a multicultural-environment face complex-tasks in teaching for diversity. The objective of this study was to determine the educational environment in a Malaysian medical school, aimed to face the diversity. This cross-sectional study was conducted utilising “Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure”, a validated instrument that contained 50 items rated 0-4 with a maximum 200 score under five sub-scales. Sub-scales were perceptions of: learning, teacher, academic-self, atmosphere and social-self. Respondents were 193 year-5 medical students of session 2011-2012, comprised of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Other ethnic-group. The overall mean score perceived by all ethnicity was 130/200 (65%). All sub-scales perceived >60% scores except social-self and atmosphere. The social-self sub-scale perceived the lowest score (53.57%) by the Other ethnic group while interestingly social-self also perceived highest (75%) by the Indians. Atmosphere sub-scale perceived a score of 58.33% by Other ethnic-group. Positive perceptions of educational enviornment among the students of diverse ethnicity reflects that educational environment at the medical school is well equiped to meet the challenges of diversity. However, there is opportunity to increase further positivity in general and social-self and atmosphere sub-scales in particular. Educators in a multicultural-environment must work to avoid monocultural instructional methodoligies to promote a multicultrul society.

Ambiente educacional / Educational environment

O ambiente educacional pode ser definido como um conjunto de elementos que circunda o educando,que nele deve necessariamente se inserir e que o inclui, quando vivencia os processos de ensino e aprendizado. Existem evidências variadas de que o ambiente educacional encontrado pelos educando tem impacto no seu rendimento acadêmico, bem como na sua satisfação com o processo educativo e dão boa medida da sua importância e justificam o seu estudo, no sentido de melhor conhece-lo e poder aperfeiçoa-lo. Os componentes do ambiente educacional são de natureza material, relacionados aos aspectos fisiológicos do educando e de caráter afetivo, relacionados às suas necessidades e respostas emocionais. O ambiente educacional é determinado por fatores ligados à instituição e, em especial, ao professor, que se caracteriza como o principal elemento na sua manutenção e aprimoramento. Uma variedade de instrumentos tem sido descritos para a avaliação do ambiente educacional, que deve ter o sentido de obter informações sobre este importante determinante do aprendizado e do desenvolvimento do estudante. Estas informações podem subsidiar a tomada de medidas visando o aperfeiçoamento do ambiente educacional, o que resulta em aumento da qualidade dos processos educativos.

The educational environment is composed by a number of factors that influence learning and affect academic performance and student satisfaction. The components of the educational environment are related to student physiological needs and emotional responses. The educational environment is determined by the school and the teacher, but student also plays a role in its maintenance and improvement. A variety of instruments have been described for the evaluation of the educational environment, which could be understood as a process of collecting data that should inform decision making processes aiming at improving educational environment. This will result in increased quality of student learning and development.